Link: Interesting fact about organs

Before I used to post some articles about nursing related things, but now I think it would be much for helpful to the students if I start to post about the link, which I found to be interesting and is helpful for the nursing students. So now onward, I will not only post an article but also give a good link to the searched articles so that it will be helpful for their future reference and will give more knowledge towards the nursing field.
This is the link I found interesting enough to know little bit about the major organs of the body. It gives some information about the heart, kidney liver, pancreas, intestine, and lung. Not only this much, it gives some interesting things about them as well. Check this site Information about major organs . It might be helpful.

Taking Blood pressure

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted on the wall of the artery during the pumping and relaxing period of the heart. The pressure exerted during the pumping period of the heart or contraction of the heart is known as systolic blood pressure; while as, the pressure during the relaxation of the heart beat, or the pressure exerted on the artery between two consecutive heart beat is known as diastolic blood pressure. The normal blood pressure lies between 100/60-140/90, while as the ideal one is 120/80. The pressure is affected by many of the factors, such as physical exercise, climbing of the stairs and other physical activities, anxiety, stress, pregnancy, old age etc. So while taking the blood pressure, one should be aware of the situation. The normal value of the blood pressure changes according to the age factor and state of the time the patient is in.
Despite of the state or condition, the blood pressure has the greater impact on the human life. If one is not able to record the blood pressure correctly it would lead to lots of health hazards as blood pressure is the primary indicator of lots of disease condition, like heart failure, kidney problem etc. So a proper technique should be followed while taking a blood pressure.
Sphygmomanometer is used to take the blood pressure. Different other meters were used in the past to take the blood pressure, but nowadays advanced meter is used to take the blood pressure automatically and make the work of nurses faster. But, speaking practically if you have to take an accurate blood pressure, these machines are not convenient; one has to take the blood pressure manually by the use of the sphygmomanometer. Taking the blood pressure with use of the sphygmomanometer is easy, you have to just follow certain steps carefully and be a good observant. The simple steps that you have to follow are:
1. Firstly you have to introduce yourself to the patient, then you have to inform the patient what you are about to do and why you are doing that and take a permission from the patient to take the blood pressure. Then
2. Then deflate the cuff of the sphygmomanometer. Find out the brachial artery in the arm, and put the cuff around the arm facing pointer of the cuff to the brachial artery, the wrapping of the cuff around the arm should be just above the elbow and stethoscope should be placed on the hollow of the elbow over the brachial artery as shown in picture.

3. Put the head of the stethoscope just under the edge of the cuff, a little above the crease of the person's elbow. Hold it there firmly with the thumb, or with a few fingers of your right hand. Put the ear pieces of the stethoscope in your ears.
4. Put your finger in the artery of the wrist and inflate the cuff. Inflate the cuff till you can feel the stoppage of the artery beeping and notice reading in the meter. Then deflate the cuff. Put the ear pieces of the stethoscope in your ear and inflate the cuff 10 mmHg above the reading you have noticed before.
5. Then slowly open the air outlet and be very careful to notice the hearing of the first beeping of artery and notice the point. This first beeping sound is the systolic artery. Then keep on deflating the cuff and notice the point where the beeping stops. This is the diastolic pressure of the person. Then completely deflate the cuff.
This way blood pressure can be taken accurately. It is to be clear that blood pressure should not be taken in stress condition, after the exercise, instant smoking period, as they might give fault blood pressure (especially raised one).

Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding, a best way of providing a best possible food for the child and the childs natural right is now considered to be burden by the modern mothers. There is a myth going on about the breast feeding that if beautiful mother breastfeeds their child, they will loose their beauty; which, in fact is a completely a myth, the real fact is that if mother keep on breastfeeding the child, her beauty will be more nourished and she will became more prettier and will be protected from diseases as well.
Breast milk is the primary source of food for the child and is one of the nutritious food that child could ever have. Breast milk has all the required minerals and vitamins that the child would need for the first month of life. Excessive breastfeeding to child for the first six months is the optimal for the child. Beast milk is a protective barrier between the child and it’s fatality with the disease and infectious agents. It provides immunity power to the baby including IgG, which is helpful to fight against the lots of disease and built up the immune system of the child. It helps in development of cognitive part and the sensory part of the child as well. Breast feeding not only benefits the child but also benefits the mother as well by reducing the risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer.
There are lots of benefits of the breastfeeding which I will categories as the benefit for mother, child and society

Benefit of breastfeeding for child:
• Breast milk has agents (called antibodies) in it to help protect infants from bacteria and viruses. Recent studies show that babies who are not exclusively breastfed for 6 months are more likely to develop a wide range of infectious diseases including ear infections, diarrhea, respiratory illnesses and have more hospitalizations. Also, infants who are not breastfed have a 21% higher postneonatal infant mortality rate in the U.S.
• Some studies suggest that infants who are not breastfed have higher rates of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the first year of life, and higher rates of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, lymphoma, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, overweight and obesity, high cholesterol and asthma. More research in these areas is needed (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005).
• Babies who are not breastfed are sick more often and have more doctor's visits
• As a result of breastfeeding, breastfed infants grow exactly the way they should. They tend to gain less unnecessary weight and to be leaner. This may result in being less overweight later in life.
• Premature babies do better when breastfed compared to premature babies who are fed formula.
• Breastfed babies score slightly higher on IQ tests, especially babies who were born pre-maturely.

Benefit to the mothers by breastfeeding:
• Nursing uses up extra calories, making it easier to lose the pounds of pregnancy. It also helps the uterus to get back to its original size and lessens any bleeding a woman may have after giving birth.
• Breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding (no supplementing with formula), delays the return of normal ovulation and menstrual cycles. (However, you should still talk with your doctor or nurse about birth control choices.)
• Breastfeeding lowers the risk of breast and ovarian cancers, and possibly the risk of hip fractures and osteoporosis after menopause.
• Breastfeeding makes your life easier. It saves time and money. You do not have to purchase, measure, and mix formula. There are no bottles to warm in the middle of the night!
• A mother can give her baby immediate satisfaction by providing her breast milk when her baby is hungry.
• Breastfeeding requires a mother to take some quiet relaxed time for herself and her baby.
• Breastfeeding can help a mother to bond with her baby. Physical contact is important to newborns and can help them feel more secure, warm and comforted.
• Breastfeeding mothers may have increased self-confidence and feelings of closeness and bonding with their infants.

Benefit for the society
• Breastfeeding saves on health care costs. Total medical care costs for the nation are lower for fully breastfed infants than never-breastfed infants since breastfed infants typically need fewer sick care visits, prescriptions, and hospitalizations.
• Breastfeeding contributes to a more productive workforce. Breastfeeding mothers miss less work, as their infants are sick less often. Employer medical costs also are lower and employee productivity is higher.
• Breastfeeding is better for our environment because there is less trash and plastic waste compared to that produced by formula cans and bottle supplies.

So as far i am concerned, breastfeeding is the best way to keep child, mother and society healthy in it’s perspective and all the mother should keep on breastfeeding their own child.

Demographic distribution of elderly in nepal

INTRODUCTION ABOUT NEPAL AND NEPALI PEOPLE INCLUDING ELDERLY PRESENT IN Nepal

Nepal being the landlocked country is having border with the India from three sides and the China from one side. Nepal is relatively beautiful country with the area of 141, 181 sq. km in the south Asia region, having 885 km in the east-west direction and with the mean north-south width of 193 km. Financially Nepal is not considered strong but culturally, Nepal is rich for its diversity, peculiarity, and uniqueness. Nepal has 101 ethnic groups, 92 languages, 10 religions and 3 geographical regions and a population of 28.6 (2005 census) million people living 157 persons per sq km which was just 40 in 1911. The 2001 census showed that 57.5 % of the population belonged to a caste, 2/3 of them living in the hills and 1/3 in the Tarai. Dalits (untouchables) who make up 13.6% of the population are one of the most disadvantaged and backward groups2. It has five development regions: Eastern, Central, Western, Mid-western and Far-western with 14 zones, 75 districts, 58 municipalities and 3915 village development committees which are further divided into small political units called wards. National standard living survey 2003/4 reports that poverty incidence decreased from 42% in 1995/6 to 31% in 2003/4, however rural urban disparity still exist (rural poverty-35% and urban poverty-10%). A significant increase in remittances, increase in wages, improved connectivity and access to markets, urbanization, and falling birth rates were behind this decline. Household receiving remittances went up to 32% in 2004 from 23% in 1996 (MoF, 2006).

AGE DISTRIBUTION IN NEPAL

Ageing is the ultimate manifestation of the biological, psychological, and demographical activities in the individual human being and population in large. Nepal is having the sum total of population of 28,676,547 (2005 census). Persons of age 60+, is considered as the elderly in the context of the Nepal. The elderly population is 10,61032, a 7.46% of the total population.
Age structure: According to the census 2003
0-14 years: 39.7% (male 5,424,396; female 5,080,171)
15-64 years: 56.7% (male 7,692,134; female 7,320,059)
60 years and over: 7.46% (male 468,697; female 484,112) (2003 est.)
According to the census 2005

Data Size
Population
28,676,547 (2005)
Growth Rate 2.2%
Population below 14 Years old 39%
Population of age 15 to 59 57.3%
Population above 60 7.46%

Pyramid showing the population of Nepal
Age distribution by major age groups, prior and post 1951.
Prior 1951 Post 1951
Age group 1911 1941 1971 2001
0-14 38.68 39.16 39.72 39.31
60+ 4.28 5.33 5.88 7.46
65+ 2.43 3.17 3.17 4.21
75+ 0.45 0.65 0.87 1.30

The above data implies that Nepal is in the state of development, as the youths ranging from 14-59 are in the majority. Nepal is having relatively few numbers of aged people in comparison with the other groups of the people; however, the older population is increasing both in terms of absolute numbers and as a proportion of the total population; unfortunately, traditional family norms and values of supporting the elderly are eroding. There were 1.6 million elderly inhabitants which constitutes 7.46% of the total population in 2001 which will be double by 2017. Persons of 60+ years are known as elderly people in Nepal, the index of ageing has increased from 11.7% in 1911 to 18.89% by 2001. For the aged 65+ years, the increment is from 6.28% in 1911 to 10.69% by 2001. The rate of increasing older people is rapid from 1971 to 2001. During the period 1991–2001, the annual elderly population growth rate was 3.39%, which was higher than the annual population growth rate of 2.1%. Increasing in the ageing population is mainly due to advancement and easily availability in the health services. This increasing number of elderly in Nepal is enforcing government to change the policy towards the helping of the elderly people and building of infrastructure considering elderly people.


Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female
total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2003 est.)

MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY CONDITION OF ELDERLY IN NEPAL
Mortality Rate among Aged Persons
Though starting age of ageing is considered as 60 years in most of the previous discussions, 50 years age is considered for the starting age for high risk mortality among aged persons. It is based on common observation that by a person reaches 50 years, multitude of Physiological and Psychological problems start to show their effects on the physical health of a person accelerating the risk of his/ her death as age advances.
Adjusted death rates among aged persons, Nepal, 2001.
Age Group Male Female Both Sexes
50 – 54 18.70 11.87 14.24
55 – 59 30.04 20.69 23.77
60 – 64 47.59 32.85 37.46
65 – 69 64.39 47.84 52.38
70 – 74 103.10 72.60 82.12
75 – 79 149.89 97.08 114.55
80 + 296.28 211.13 235.35
All Ages 13.89 9.73 11.00
Median Age at death 78.10 81.60 79.52
Source: Present study, based on Census, 2001, CBS

Unadjusted death rates for all ages according to 2001 census report are found only 5.24 per thousand for males, 4.15 per thousand for females and 4.7 per thousand for both sexes. These rates are very low as compared to 11 per thousand reported for both sexes in U.N’s population data sheet for 2002.271. The above table shows that up to age group 50-54 years, the death rates for both sexes are only 3% to 5% higher than for all ages. .But as age advances, the rate substantially increases for both sexes and at age 80 years and above, the rate attaining the levels of 296.28 per thousand for males, 211.13 per thousand for females and 235.35 per thousand for both. From the table, it is clear that among aged persons, death rates for females are much lower than for males. Median age at death for aged 50 + years persons is found as 78.1 years for males, 81.6 years for females and 79.52 years for both sexes.

Deaths occur at old age due to many causes. One cause is the natural processes due to ageing .Others are due to various diseases, accidents and suicides etc. Twenty five specific reasons of deaths are included in Census inquiry of 2001. Data analysis of deaths by specific reasons for 65+ years aged persons by sex shows that highest of 41.33% deaths among males aged 65+ years occurred due to Natural rules followed by 21.66% due to other causes not included for the inquiry. Among females, highest of 26.97% deaths occurred due to causes not included for the inquiry, followed by 16.97% due to Natural rules. Excluding the cases of Non-stated which accounted to 7.45% in case of males and 8.05% in case of females, third specific cause is the Asthma which caused 11.02% of deaths among aged males and 7.68% of deaths among aged females followed by cancer causing 3.11% of death among males and 4.61% of death among females. Next to cancer, tuberculosis and heart diseases are the main causes of deaths among males, but among females, miscarriage and heart disease followed by the Cancer for causing more deaths.

The 85% of elderly people are living in rural areas depending upon their agricultural profession and living under the poverty due to lack of access to resources and income generation activities. They suffer from the cumulative effects of a lifetime of deprivation, lack of education, poor health and nutrition, low social status, discrimination and restriction on mobility, entering old age in a poor state of health and without saving or material assets. They lack means to fulfill their basic needs such as food, clothes, shelter, health care, love and safe drinking water. Gender inequality and discrimination against women continue from before birth to death (NEPAN, 2002).

LITERACY OF ELDERLY PEOPLE
The literacy rate (those who can read and write) for aged 65+ years is found as 27.0% for males and 4.07 % for females and 47.12% are found economically active with sex differential of 59.7% for males and 34.30% for females. For both sexes, the literacy rate for aged 65+ years is found as 15.64 %. But for districts of Katmandu valley, the literacy rates for both sexes are found much higher than those observed for all Nepal. Low elderly literacy rate is due to the political situation of the Nepal. Nepal had been ruled by the Rana’s (one of the caste of Nepal), who tried to suppress the education of the population for their benefit, so that they can rule the country for long time. Government later on tried to increase the elderly literacy with some education program developed mainly for the women and the elderly people and they succeeded to somewhat. Elderly literacy in Nepal is even affected with the ethnic group as well. The Brahaman elderly are more literate than other ethnic group as they have to perform some cultural activities and they occupation which requires education.
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 62.8%
male: 69.7%
female: 55.9% (2003 est.)
MARITAL STATUS OF THE ELDERLY
The marital status of the elderly is an important indicator of their places of residence, their support systems and, importantly, their individual well-being. The elderly that are still married tend to recover more rapidly from illness, have better mental health, utilize more health promoting services, socialize more and are generally more satisfied with their lives than those elderly without a partner.
In 1961, only 73.17% male and 32.13% females were married, which increased to 88.3% for male and 71.7% for females in 2001. The lower proportion of married elderly women may be due to society’s strict prohibition of widow remarriage. This prohibition is in addition to and exacerbated by the male tendency of marrying a younger woman. In Nepalese culture, widower remarriage is not accepted before centuries, during ruling by Rana’s. One of the Rana Prime Ministers later on bring changes in the policy and allowed the widowers remarriage. Though it’s legally allowed and accepted, widower remarriage is still not in good practice among the Nepalese citizen. Males marrying multiple women are not allowed in the Nepal. The proportion of never married elderly in Nepal is low, possibly due to the prevalent universal marriage system in that society. Many parents in that society believe they are responsible for the marriage of their offspring. Arranged marriages are common in Nepal. Love marriage in proportion to arrange is relatively minimal.
ETHNICITY:
The population in Nepal is made up from diverse ethnic groups. The largest single ethnic group is Chhettri (16%), followed by: Brahman-Hill (13%), Magar (7), Taru (7%), Tamang (6%), Newar (5%), Muslim (4%), Kami (4%), Yadav (4%) and ‘other’ (34%). The number of elderly present in Nepal has great effect due to the ethnicity of Nepal as different ethnic group perform different activities according to the ethnic culture. Chettetri ethnic people have different celebration days than the other group and have different kind of belief followed by different types of eating habits. Chettri, are the people mostly found in the Kathmandu and gives emphasis to the groupism and strength. While as newar are mostly resident of the capital city Kathmandu and gives emphasis to the socialization, sharing and parties. They tend to be more cultural and social than the other ethnic group. They have lots of cultural celebrating days. The elderly people above 75 in this ethnic group are considered to be the god, so they give more emphasis to the elderly people. Newar elderly seem to be little conservative on the matter of health as they believe that sickness is merely the curse from the god than from the disease. The local elderly living in the Kathmandu are very much conscious about their health and will be seen gradually taking part in the health promotional activities and social activities. Gurung, tamang, tharu are found mostly far from capital city and they are very sociable. They believe ancestors are the gods and praise the elderly people.
RELIGION:
Since Nepal is the only official Hindu state in the world, the majority of the population in Nepal practice the Hindu religion (86% of the population), whilst the remaining religions are represented by Buddhists (8%), Muslims (4%) and ‘other’ (2%). Though other religions are negligible in comparison to the others, there are some total of 10 religions can be found in the Nepal. The elderly of Hindu religion are sociable enough but not as the Buddhist, who constantly takes part in the social activities and will be found active in the gumba (religious place). Buddhist religious people tend to have more elderly people according to the religious belief and their eating habit, than the other group. Buddhist religious people are mostly vegetarian and non-violent as their religion is against the violence and eating meat. Buddhist elderly have less common problems with mental health, as they would be relatively taking part in the social activities and would not be lonely. The elderly people in the Buddhist religion are given more value by the younger and give them respect and considered as the teacher. While as in the other religion, this is not so often seen.
OCCUPATION:
Among 65+ years aged persons, 47.12% are found economically active with sex differential of 59.7% for males and 34.30% for females.

Economically active among aged 65+ years , by development regions, 2001 in
%’s.
Region Male Female Both Sexes
Eastern Dev. Region 62.02 35.28 48.74
Central Dev. Region 58.66 29.84 44.20
Western Dev. Region 58.88 36.39 47.86
Mid-Western Dev. Region 5ng the5.04 32.83 44.60
Far-Western Dev. Region 65.31 46.12 55.58
Nepal 59.70 34.30 47.12
Source : Based on Census 2001, CBS.

The table shows that Far Western Region as compared to other development regions has the highest percentage of aged persons among both sexes who are economically active. On the other hand, Central Region as compared to other regions has the least % of females aged 65+ years that are economically active.
Most of the people in the Nepal tend to be dependent on the farming as their occupation and only few percentage are involved with other occupation. So does the elderly people in the Nepal. Elderly people above 65 can be seen working in the field, and enjoying their life. When elderly people will not be able to work in the field, they will be involved with some other occupation such as knitting of the mattress by the males and sweaters and other stuffs by the females. So the elderly population keeps themselves productive most of the time.
LANGUAGES:
In Nepal Nepali is the national languages used all over the Nepal. While as each caste and each ethnic group in the Nepal tend to have their own language. According to governmental record there are around 90 languages in the Nepal. Most of the elderly in the Nepal can speak can understand Nepali very well, while as English is not so common among the elderly people of the Nepal. They tend to speak their own mother tongue, language according to their ethnicity and caste, in their house and with their relatives and Nepali with other visitor from different locality and different ethnicity. Elderly people tend to give emphasis on their mother tongue language then in others. They constantly encourage younger to speak ethnic language. Language does not have great effect on the health and belief of the elderly, but elderly seems to be proud of their own language.
CONCLUSION:
Nepal is the country with vast diversity in the culture and in the ethnic group; where there is different beliefs are prevalent among the elderly people according to their caste and religion. Increasing number of elderly population in Nepal is demanding for changes in the policy for the elderly. Government and local population has to take in consideration in the services provided to the elderly as the number of increasing in elderly is more than the total population increase. More services and facilities are to be given for the elderly people and lots of elderly homes and special hospitals for the elderly are to be made considering the elderly number increasing. The numbers of elderly people are increasing in the Nepal, which shows that Nepal is in state of development. The present ageing index 65+ years of 10.69% is expected to increase to 12.65% by 2031. Elderly people tend to me more sociable in the Nepal, so youth should encourage them to be more sociable by supporting them and giving opportunities for them as it might decrease the morbidity, mortality and mental health problem in elder people. Youths support to the elderly people would be greatest help for the elderly people than the governments support as elderly in Nepal love to be sociable and be with people around them.
Elderly people should be given increase access to the information regarding their rights at home and in the society including their rights to governmental services provision as most of the elderly literacy percentage is relatively low. More of the elderly literate program to be run in the county, so to increase the literacy rate among the elderly and women.

community health nursing

Community health nursing is the nursing care given to the people living in the community, which referrers to the certain area where people are living. Community health nurses have to provide the care of the community as if they are providing care to the patient in the hospital. Community health nurses has to visit the individual homes and the people living in the home and assess the problems of the people, not only that much, they have to find out the people who might need the special care and who has been hidden by the family members due to some problem and report those people to right place. Community health nursing is the new trend of the nursing evolved in the nursing faculty and community health nurses has to meet some standards of practice.
Standards of Community health Nursing Practice
1. Theory
The nurse applies theoretical concepts as a basis for decision in practice.
2. Data collection
The nurse systematically collects data that are comprehensive and accurate.
3. Diagnosis:
The nurse analyses data collected about the community family and individual to determine diagnoses.
4. planning
At each level of prevention, the nurse develops plans that specify nursing actions unique to client needs.
5. Intervention
The nurse guided by the plan intervenes to promote, maintain, or restore health to prevent illness, and to effect rehabilitation.
6. Evaluation
The nurse evaluates response of the community, family and individual to interventions to determine progress toward goal achievement and to revise the data base, diagnoses, and plan.
7. Quality assurance and professional development
The nurse participates in peer review and other means of evaluation to assure quality of nursing practice. The nurse assumes responsibility for professional development and contributes to professional growth of others.
8. Interdisciplinary collaboration
The nurse collaborates with other health care providers, professional and community representatives in assessing planning implementing and evaluation programs for community health.
9. Research
The nurse contributes to theory and practice in community health nursing through research.

Mentioned above are the standards that the community health nurses have to meet in their practices. Below are the some activities that community health nurses have to accomplish while in their practice.
1. Takes preventive or corrective action individually or in partnership to protect individuals and communities from unsafe or unethical circumstances.
2. Advocates for societal change in support of health for all.
3. Uses nursing informatics (including information and communication technology) to generate, manage and process relevant data to support nursing practice.
4. Identifies and takes action on factors which affect autonomy of practice and quality of care.
5. Participates in the advancement of community health nursing by mentoring students and new practitioners.
6. Participates in research and professional activities.
7. Makes decisions using ethical standards and principles, taking into consideration the tension between individual versus societal good and the responsibility to uphold the greater good of all people or the population as a whole.
8. Seeks help with problem solving as needed to determine the best course of action in response to ethical dilemmas, risks to human rights and freedoms, new situations and new knowledge.
9. Identifies and works proactively—through personal advocacy and participation in relevant professional associations—to address nursing issues that will affect the population.
10. Contributes proactively to the quality of the work environment by identifying needs, issues and solutions, mobilizing colleagues and actively participating in team and organizational structures and mechanisms.
11. Provides constructive feedback to peers as appropriate to enhance community health nursing practice.
12. Documents community health nursing activities in a timely and thorough manner, including telephone advice and work with communities and groups.
13. Advocates for effective and efficient use of community health nursing resources.
14. Uses reflective practice to continually assess and improve personal community health nursing practice.
15. Seeks professional development experiences that are consistent with current community health nursing practice, new and emerging issues, the changing needs of the population, the evolving impact of the determinants of health and emerging research.
16. Acts upon legal obligations to report to appropriate authorities any situations of unsafe or unethical care provided by family, friends or other individuals to children or vulnerable adults.
17. Uses available resources to systematically evaluate the availability, acceptability, quality, efficiency and effectiveness of community health nursing practice.

Do you love busy life?

Hey dudes,
it's been long since i post an article, cause i was busy these days. Well i love to be in touch with you all the people but as i said quiet busy these days. This is the summer time in the cyprus and it's time to make some earnings so i was busy with the work.
Well i have always craved for the busy life and suddenly i got it and i found it be very hard to control it. Well it pays a good money and it will make your heads up wherever you go. You won't have any problem with the money and with along side, you will be gathering lots of work place friends and lots of knowledges and experiences of the work, which will be golden mark for the future. You will even get real oppertunity to know about the real world and it's difficulties, at last you will get enough money and experience from the busy work.
In contrast to that, the busy life tend to make people mentally pressured lot of the time. You will start to cry for the free day in your life and free time to spent with your friend and laugh with them. You will have money with you but you will loose most of the happiness of the time. You will get experience about the job and life but in the mean time, you will be loosing the fabolous time of your to be happy with your family, friends and golden time of yours. Your body with start to ask you for the half an hour more of sleep, your body will start to pray for one day rest and your body will show the signs of tiredness, ache and restlessness.

Well this is what busy life pays and this is what you will earn from busy life. so time for you to decide what would you like to have, busy life or just the normal day living life. This is what i have been feeling nowadays working for 16 hours a day, 2 hours of walk. I can't make a choice between busy life and normal life, as i am in need for both, may be you could make a better choice, so before starting busy life, think twice.

Cyprus and my experience of government work

I heard from my friends about the government work in the Cyprus. I used to say then it’s absurd, at last this is European country. I used to argue with Cypriots about it as well say that you must be lying, as I don’t believe Cypriot government is that much slow. One experience of mine changed me totally for what I believe and had to adopt the most common behavior that is going on. I am not going to tell you the story that is made up but about the experience that I had gone through. Then you might decide whether I was right about Cyprus government or not, or you might say it is just consequences that had happened.

It’s not a long time before event, 24th of June 08, I went to Lakchha, transportation office for the license of motor bicycle. I woke up early in the morning and reached to the office by the 8’o clock by taking one hour of bus ride. I waited 10 minutes to fill in the form. I paid 2 euros just to fill in some forms in Greek language as we foreigner can’t fill in the form. Then I was sent inside in the office to submit the form. I went inside, it’s 8: 15 am. I got informed that the officer will reach at only 9. I got shocked that I had to wait in queue for quarter of hour. I took a permit from hospital till 10’ o clock so I thought it might be bit late. Still it’s a rule that I had to wait. So I stayed in the line for a queqe and made myself ready for wait for ¾ quarter of hour. While waiting, one of the person in the queue told me that officer might turn up at 10 if you are lucky, I started to get angry with the system. The office was meant to be there at 8 and she will reach there at 10 I were lucky enough. I was wishing if she showed up at 9, but she did not. At 9: 30 I asked other staffs down there when she will reach there, she responded me that she has to come from far and she has lots of work to do. I got shocked at started to think, is this her personal office or the governmental office? Anyway I had to get license that day, so I waited. At around 11:00 only she showed up. Everybody started to clapped her in satire matter but she said what? In loud voice and everybody calmed. I had to wait till 11:30 to get my turn to register my name and pay money to her for my license process. After that process, she said me to wait outside to be called for license interview. I had to wait for half an hour to get my name called. I did the interview and had to go to same lady for issuing the license. Again same line, had to wait for one hour to get my turn. I thought on the process that I will never come back to this place once I finish these stuffs. I waited 1 hour to get my turn and had my license issued. Not only this much was the over of my pain and suffer from the governmental process. I got my license and rushed outside to catch my bus to Lefkosia. I reached to bus station, I had to wait for bus, so I examined my license. I got some error on the license, my date of birth had been printed wrong. I got really angry, and then rushed back to the officer. The office was about to close, anyway I managed to get inside the office. I requested her to fix the error, but I got surprised when she said, it’s over for today, come back tomorrow. My anger rushed to the limit, but still I calmed down and requested her again stating that, I need to come from far and had to leave the job, but she does not want to understand my problem. It won’t take a long time for her to fix the stuffs, but she refused and replied me angrily that come back tomorrow. I can’t fight with the government people as it will crate a problem for me, just being the foreigner. So I came back with, great anger in myself. I lost the promise I made to the hospital, I did not had time to show up to hospital, and I got the license that is useless, spending my whole precious day. Still today, I am having the useless license carrying with me, as I don’t have time to go and fix those error made by officer.

Now, dear reader, it’s your time to decide, what is the governmental work in Cyprus. What is the value of time, in this newly renowned Europe country, what is the value of foreigner in this Europe, where European law states that all the people should be respected? What is the governmental work in Cyprus? Hope to hear your comments back about my experience.

communication barriers

When we tend to speak for the good communication which is the base for everything including knowledge, safety, professionalization, development etc, we have to very much cautious about the barriers of those communications. Barriers are the one which will make communication useless or give the different meaning for the communication and divert the outcomes. So we have to be very much cautious about the communication barriers to prevent the outcome that we deserve. We can find lots of types of the communications but I would mainly discuss about the three barriers that are within us and within our receptor.
1. Those originating from within ourselves, e.g. our age, race, social class, gender, feelings, culture, any disabilities, physical state or experiences of similar encounters.
2. Those originating from within others, e.g. how other people perceive us, their ages, races, genders, cultures, any disability such as hearing loss, expectations or us and the situation
3. Those originating in the environment, e.g. the situation in which the encounter is talking place, extraneous noise, temperature, whether it is private or public space or whose space it is.
These are barriers, which makes create all sorts of other barriers as well.

Qualities nurses should have

Nursing profession is the lucrative profession in nowadays context as it is highly paid, well recognized and Profession with great honor. This profession is the one which makes people feel if they are somebody who can contribute in the public health, not only that much they would be the one who will be very much close to the patient when they will be in the hospital. The good bonding relationship with the patient, their relatives and the great feeling of satisfactory feeling, money, honor, self-respect are some other factors which is lucrative part of this profession. There is saying that if you want to get something either you have to bear some thing special in yourself or you have to loose something. This is solely true in this profession as well. If we tend to get all the benefit from this profession, there are lots of things that we have to borne with and lots we have to sacrifice. Lets discuss what are those factors that a nurses should to borne with
High alertness: A nurses should be very active and alert all the time. They have to be very much aware of the changing health condition of the patient and should be very alert to find out the signals of the health problem and has to solve it as soon as possible.
Wake up in the sound or touch: Specially the night nurses has to posses these characters, as the patient will be calling up at any moment of time. It is highly recommended that nurses in no matter what shift, should not sleep, but though they are fell down to sleep they should be able to wake up from sleep at the sound or touch.
Carrying out the order exactly: This is a profession where life is endangered if some of the orders were carried out with errors. So carrying out of the order exactly is another most important factor that the nurses should borne with.
Watchfulness: A nurse should be able to find out the condition and be very careful with the environment. They should to notice what is going on with the patient, what the patient is doing and what are the surrounding matters are. For eg. If nurse is not able to notice what patient is doing then patient may fell down from the bed and injure themselves. Nurse have to even notice if something is wrong in the floor or somewhere else in the room etc.
Writing habit: Writing habit should be important factors that the nurse should to have as they have to give lots of the medicine and lots of portions of food at the different intervals of the time, so they should have this habit to write it down so that to prevent the accident or forgetting. It is said that if anything is not written in the nursing profession or the patient chart, the care has not been done.
Quietness: Patients will be in great problem during the sickness, so they need peace and quiet environment. So nurses should bear a habit of keep the place quiet, by not having a habit of banging a door, talking loud, stamping around in heavy or creaking shoes, rustling of garments etc.
Well these are only some of the qualities nurses should borne.

For music lovers

I have been trying to find out the website for download of the music but it seems bit hard to download the music. Most of the sites, which google offers seems to contain the virus and cost lots of money to download. It requires the credit card number. The problem is credit card number is, if we came along with the hackers then it would be great problem for the holder and another thing is most of the people from asian countries hardly has credit cards. So it has always been a problem for downloading the loved music. So i tend to look for free download site, where i can get the musics of my like. I do admit that freedownloading is like cheating. Since the owner does lots of effort to collect the music and make a website, so they should be paid. When somebody does the work they should be paid. But the price of the music is a problem for the people. The price of music download is okay for the European country or the country with strong economy but its very expensive to those country people who are from low economically strength country.

Since the people don't have money it does not mean that they should be kept away from the music, so for them i have found out some good sites to visit where we can share our music worldwide and download the music. Bearshare would be best option for people who wish to download the music and enjoy the music. It's the music sharing site, where people will be sharing the music they have through the computer connection. Over this site, we can almost download most of the artists songs and another good aspect is we can have music of different languages as well. Limewire is also good music sharing site, but as i am the user of the bearshare i would prefer bear share.

For the Indian movie songs lovers, www.radioreloaded.com would be good site for download of Indian movie song. Here we will get almost all the movies songs except some only.
i hope to search for more sites and inform later on.

Grounded theory

Grounded theory
Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss are the two sociologists who developed Grounded theory in 1967. They did a collaborative research in the dying hospital patient and wrote a book named “Awareness of Dying”. In this research they developed the constant comparative method which is later known as grounded theory. Strauss and Glaser are the developer of grounded theory but later on they split and bring the split on the theory because they were confused “how to do grounded theory”. In 1990 Juliet Corbin and Strauss published “Basics of Qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques” together and defined the grounded theory as “The grounded theory approach is a qualitative research method that uses a systematic set of procedures to develop an inductively derived grounded theory about a phenomenon”.
Grounded theory is research method of qualitative research in which the theory is developed from the data, rather than the other way around, which means it’s an inductive approach which moves from specific to more general. Concepts, categories and hypotheses are the three methods of study in grounded theory. Concept is the major elements of analysis as the theory is developed from the conceptualization of data, rather than the actual data. The primary objective of grounded theory, then, is to expand upon an explanation of a phenomenon by identifying the key elements of that phenomenon, and then categorizing the relationships of those elements to the context and process of the experiment. In other words, the goal is to go from the general to the specific without losing sight of what makes the subject of a study unique. According to grounded theory it is stated that the research questions must be open and general rather than formed as a specific hypotheses, and that the emergent theory should account for a phenomenon that is relevant to the participants.
Grounded theory is best in providing the detailed and systemic procedures for data collection, analysis and theorizing, but is also concerned with the quality of emergent theory. According to Strauss and Corbin (1990): Grounded theory should:
1. Fit the phenomenon, provided it has been carefully derived from diverse data and is adherent to the common reality of the area.
2. Provide understanding and be understandable.
3. Provide generality, in that the theory includes extensive variation and is abstract enough to b applicable to a wide variety of contexts.
4. Provide control in the sense of stating the conditions under which the theory applies and describing a reasonable basis for action.
Grounded theory is quiet often used in the qualitative research as a method for making the qualitative research and easy, as qualitative research has to deal with in depth research and the data’s are mixed up making it complex to do research.

Quantitative research

“Quantitative research is the systematic scientific investigation of properties and phenomena and their relationships”, wikipedia. Like the statement stated, it’s the scientific investigations of the properties of the phenomena. But when students go through the research they have difficulty differentiating among the qualitative and quantitative site. So it would be great to first find out what are the characteristic of the quantitative research. In the quantitative research there will be lots of data collected with large number of people. The question may arise, how much number is considered as the large number, it’s a valid question. So for that, the number should be more than 100 in number or at least 25% of the total sample taken. The major characteristic of the quantitative research is data’s are in the form of the numbers and statistics. Researcher would have used the tools, such as questionnaires or equipment to collect numerical data. In other word, if we tend to find out the numerical data’s in the research they are quantitative. The objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to natural phenomena.
The other properties of this research are:
1. It aims to classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed.
2. It clarifies the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable.
3. These researches are either descriptive or experimental.
4. It provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships.
Examples of quantitative research
Research that consists of the percentage amounts of all the elements that make up Earth's atmosphere
Survey that concludes that the average patient has to wait two hours in the waiting room of a certain doctor before being selected.
An experiment in which group x was given two tablets of Aspirin a day and Group y was given two tablets of a placebo a day where each participant is randomly assigned to one or other of the groups.
The numerical factors such as two tablets, percent of elements and the time of waiting make the situations and results quantitative.

Reseach

Lay knowledge would define research as some process which is done to find out something new or verify some facts or thesis by gathering some information by asking questions. According to Merrill Education’s Companion websites, Research is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase our understanding of the phenomenon under study. This definition seems to define research very clearly but when we tend to be specific it seems not fulfilled as definition of research depends of types of research. Basically, research is types in two qualitative and quantitative. There are significant differences between those types:
quantitative
Objective
Research asks question like, How many? Strength of association
Literature review must be done early in study
test theory
One reality: focus is concise and narrow
Facts are value free and unbiased
Measureable
Mechanistic: parts equal to whole
Researcher is separate
Hypothesis
Establishes relationships, and causations
Use instruments
Generalizations leading to prediction, explanations, and understanding
Sample size is larg
Counts the people’s opinion

Qualitative
Subjective
Research asks question, why? What?
Literature review may be done as study progresses or afterwards
Develops theory
Multiple reality: focus is complex and broad
Facts are value-laden and biased
Interpretive
Organismic: whole is greater than the parts
Researcher is part of process
Research questions
Describes meaning, discovery
Uses communications and observations
Patterns and theories developed for understanding
Sample size is not concerned and usually small, seeks informal rich samples
Counts whose opinion is more important

In conclusion, research is a very complex procedure and it would be done to verify theory and to generate the theory as well. Quantitative research generates reliable population based and generalizable data and is well suited for establishing cause-and-effect relationships while as qualitative generates rich, detailed and valid data that contributes to in-depth understanding of the context.
Quantitative and qualitative research both can be combined in one research as well to get the benefit of increased validity (confirmation of results by means of different data sources), complementarities (adding information, i.e. words to number and vice versa), and creating new lines of thinking by the emergence of fresh perspectives and contradictions.

Anaesthesia-general information

Generally anesthesia is defined as the agent given for making people unconscious or putting somebody to the sleep. Anesthesia is the world derived from the Greek, which means (an-without, and aesthesia-sensation). Anesthesia is defined as making somebody senseless or to make people not feel pain or making somebody senseless for certain period for the medicinal usage. Anesthesia is even described as “reversible lack of awareness”. Which means that the effect of anesthesia is reversible, i.e., patient gets back to sense after some period of time and the effects the awareness of the patient for certain moments only. " According to one definition"anesthesia is the induction of a balanced state of unconsciousness, accompanied by the absence of pain sensation and the paralysis of skeletal muscle over the entire body."
There are various purposes for the giving of the anesthesia, but solely it is given for the surgical procedures. Anesthesia is meant to reduce the pain and let patient feel no sensation of pain. The purposes of anesthesia would be:
1.Analgesia, or pain relief
2.Amnesia, or loss of memory of the procedure
3.Loss of consciousness
4.Motionlessness
5.Weakening of automatic responses.
Since performing surgery tends to generate lots of pain and tend to be frightening to patient. It also needs motionless and less response from the automatic responses as well to have a good surgery. So anesthesia is given to facilitate good surgical procedure.

Shiva Ratri, a great day for Hindus

Shiva Ratri, the day devoted to Shiva, the day devoted to marijuana, and the great day for the devotees of the Shiva. This is the Hindu religious people great day, as they will be celebrating the Hindu’s great god’s birthday, his marriage ceremony with Parvati, his wife, and the opportunistic day when the devotees’ sins will be cancelled. This day is celebrated in the fourteenth day of the waning moon in the month of Falgun, (February - March). This day has different meaning to different devotees, as some may think this day is day for celebration of the marijuana day, some think this is day is day for great vrata, and some may even think this is a great day for achieving supernatural power by worshipping the Mahadeva.

Shiva Ratri is devoted day for the lord Shiva and celebration of his great events of the life. Shiva Ratri according to the Hindu religion is the day when the Shiva crated himself by the Devine grace. It is even considered that this is a day when Shiva married his wife Parvati. There are lots of stories behind today’s date. According to some stories, once when everything in all the worlds got reduced into Lord Shiva, in that darkness of nothing present, the mother Parvati worshipped Lord Shiva in the agamic way with great devotion. The great god pleased by her prayer blessed her. She asked for the benefit of all the creatures that in future whoever worships the Lord on the Shiva Ratri day with devotion, they should be blessed and should be given the ultimate liberation. The pashupati granted that showing way for all of us to get blessed easily. There are lots of stories which prevails the start and important of the Shiva Ratri.

Shiva Ratri is even celebrated by the devotees of hindu religion by the day for the marijuana. Lord Shiva is considered as the one who love to have marijuana and who enjoys being in trip of the marijuana. According to the hindu religion, marijuana is considered as medicine from the pain, and to leave the pain behind and loss in peace and harmony. So, people smoke marijuana in this day as following the track of the Shiva.

It is the great day for devotees for the great vrata. There is a story that says that who ever worships the Shiva this day will be out of sin and will be able to get the desired things. According to one story, once a hunter in a jungle after searching throughout the jungle, was quite tired and could not get any animal. In the nightfall a tiger started chasing him. to escape from that he climbed a tree. That was a Bilva tree. The tiger sat under the tree waiting for him to come down. The hunter who sat on a branch of the tree was quite tense and didn't want to sleep. He was plucking the leaves and putting down as he was not able to be idle. Below the tree there was a Shiva lingam. The whole night went on like this. God was pleased with the Upavasa (hunger) and the Pooja the hunter and the tiger did even without knowledge. He is the peak of the grace. He gave the hunter and the tiger "Moksha". So this is a grate day for devotees of the Mahadeva.

Breast cancer and BSE

A cancer that occurs in the cell of the breast is known as breast cancer. This cancer can occur in the woman after their age of menopause. Breast cancer is the one of the most occurring cancer in the woman. It is the most common cancer after lung cancer (both sexes included). It is the fifth most common cancer which cause death in woman, 502,000 deaths has been reported worldwide in 2005.

Breast cancer being a major death cause among the woman is very hard to be controlled as the risk factors for the breast cancer as uncontrollable such as age, gender, genetic factor, family history, reproductive and menstrual history, race, breast density etc. Though breast cancer cannot be controlled but woman can reduce death rate if they were able to find out the breast cancer at the early stage. There are different ways to find out about the breast cancer in the early stage, such as mammogram, clinical breast exam, and Breast self-exam. Mammogram and clinical breast exam needs to be performed in the clinic so they need extra money and extra time, but the breast self-exam is the one that could be done by woman to prevent themselves from the danger of breast cancer. If woman are able to do their breast self exam after the 5-6 days of their menstrual period they can detect the condition of the breast and save themselves from metastasis cancer.

Since BSE (Breast self-exam) is the preventative and early detective of the breast cancer and does not require the money and lots of time, it is advisable to do the self-breast exam. The recent ways to do breast exam would include:
1. Ladies have to lie down, so to make spread the breast tissue evenly over the chest wall and is an thin as possible, making much easier to feel all the breast tissue, and place their right arm behind their head
2. Use the finger pads of the 3 middle fingers on their left hand to feel for lumps in the right breast. Use overlapping dime-sized circular motions of the finger pads to feel the breast tissue.
3. Use 3 different levels of pressure to feel all the breast tissue. Light pressure is needed to feel the tissue closest to the skin; medium pressure to feel a little deeper; and firm pressure to feel the tissue closest to the chest and ribs. A firm ridge in the lower curve of each breast is normal. If you're not sure how hard to press, talk with your doctor or nurse. Use each pressure to feel the breast tissue before moving on to the next spot.
4. Move around the breast in an up and down pattern starting at an imaginary line drawn straight down your side from the underarm and moving across the breast to the middle of the chest bone (sternum or breastbone). Be sure to check the entire breast area going down until you feel only ribs and up to the neck or collar bone (clavicle).
5. There is some evidence to suggest that the up-and-down pattern (sometimes called the vertical pattern) is the most effective pattern for covering the entire breast, without missing any breast tissue.
6. Repeat the exam on your left breast, using the finger pads of the right hand.
7. While standing in front of a mirror with your hands pressing firmly down on your hips, look at your breasts for any changes of size, shape, contour, or dimpling, or redness or scaliness of the nipple or breast skin. (The pressing down on the hips position contracts the chest wall muscles and enhances any breast changes.)
8. Examine each underarm while sitting up or standing and with your arm only slightly raised so you can easily feel in this area. Raising your arm straight up tightens the tissue in this area and makes it harder to examine.
This procedure of doing self breast exam is peculiar than the one which is done standing as it will give better results than the standing one. The another thing that ladies have to make sure is that they have to do their breast self exam after 5-6 days of menstrual period as during the other period of time the estrogen hormone and other hormone would led them have false results.

So for woman, it is advisable to do the BSE and find out the problem before they turns up to be the bad one and save themselves from the death or lumpectomy or breast removal.

Fibroids, an information

Hysterectomy is nowadays being a common operation that most of the ladies are having nowadays. It is considered second most common operation that ladies of the United States are performing; about 600,000 surgeries are done in a year only in United States. Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus (womb) where child is developed. It’s in the lower abdominal part of the woman. Among with the uterus sometimes fallopian tube, and ovaries are also removed which is known as total hysterectomy. Fibroids, endometriosis, uterine prolapse, cancer, persistent vaginal bleeding, chronic pelvic pain are the causes leading to hysterectomy. Among them fibroids is the most common one.

Fibroids are tumors, made up of muscle cells and other tissue, which grows in the wall of the uterus. They are almost always benign in type. Uterine leiomyomata is the medical term for uterine fibroids. Fibroid growth can take place either in singer or in clusters. Fibroids of apple sized to size of grapefruit can be found.

Uterine fibroids does not have any clear symptoms but some woman complain of pain and heavy menstrual bleeding. They can put pressure on the bladder and cause urine incontinence (frequent urination). In some cases, pain during sex, lower back pain, and frequent miscarriage and infertility are reported as symptoms of fibroids. Clear cause of fibroids are also not being known yet, researcher stated that many factors are responsible for the causing of fibroids such as hormonal, genetic, environmental etc.

Though fibroids are benign cancer they don’t change into the cancerious cells but still fibroids may lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, pain during sex, lower back pain, miscarriage etc. Due to frequent bleeding, fibroids may lead to anemia. In rare cases, fibroids tumor can grow out of uterus on a stalk-like projection. If the fibroids twist on the stalk, woman would have severe, sudden and sharp pain in lower abdomen.

Since fibroids can lead to anemia and severe pain, it is better cured. Since there is no preventive measure for the fibroids, it should be cured. Lots of alternatives are available for the cure of fibroids, such as medications, i.e., gonadotrophin releasing agnonist (lupron, Synarel), hysterectomy, myomectomy (removal of fibroids leaving uterus in it’s place), uterine artery embolization etc.

Sucess-steps to achieve it

Success is the desired passion for everybody. Everybody craves for success and tries to achieve it anyhow but it is hardly achieved. I have been going though book named ‘unlimited power’ and seem to find the remedy for getting success. The book highlighted some stuff, which is of great interest to me and hope will be useful for my readers as well. I will try to illustrate what I came to know from that book. The book illustrates mainly 7 points of success. It states that if we are clear with those seven steps, we might get success.
The first point is the PASSION; we should have passion for getting success. If there is not passion, then we cannot get anything. So passion is the beginning step towards the achievement and success. The passion is followed by the BELIEF, a belief about your target, a belief that you can get it. There is a statement that say, whether you believe you can do it or you cannot do it, you are right. This statement means that, if we have belief that we can do something or achieve something then we will set up our mind according to it and we will achieve it and vice versa. So belief is the factor which plays a great role in achieving our target. Passion and belief are the fuel for going ahead towards the success, but it is directed by STRATEGY, the third point of achieving success. If rocket is propelled with fuel without direction it will surely lunch at the heaven, so to save it, it needs a direction so it will go to its target. Strategy of, how to get it, what to do, when to do, whom to contact, will guide us towards the target. Well these three points seem to fulfill the need for success, but there are other factors which should be considered if we want to achieve success. Another point is CLEARANCE OF VALUE, which mean being clear of why to achieve that success, is it good for doing it. If our value contrast with the strategy then our success will be useless. If we have to follow our strategy against our values, then success, if achieved also will be useless. So value should be cleared as well. All these four points mentioned before are dependent on each other. If we don’t have belief that we can achieve something then passion of having something will be useless. If we don’t have strategy then our belief and passion will be out of order and helpless, and if value is not cleared then everything will be useless. The fifth point needed would be ENERGY, the energy to go with our strategy. The energy does not include being physically fit, it summons up of finance as well. The most thing needed is having energy to take action towards what has been planned. This is the most necessity energy to be borne to get success. If we have physical fitness, and money with it, it is the advantage to us. The sixth point is BONDING POWER, which imparts being able to be bonded with all the people. Success cannot be achieved with only one person and if achieved also will be of no value. So we should be able to be bonded with other people as well. Final point would be MASTER COMMUNICATION . Master communication would imply both external and internal communication. External communication imparts to communicating with other people, use of voice, tonality, appropriate language, understanding of other people etc. Internal communication means communicating with self, motivating oneself, supporting oneself with positive thinking etc. If we tend to follow up those factors then we can achieve success very nicely and our success will be meaning for us and people around us as well.

Preoperative and assessment

Preoperative care, meaning the care performed before the operation or for the preparation for the operation. During the preoperative care, there are lots of things to be considered and those things impact a lot in the operation and patient’s future life. Lots of history taking including medical, diet, allergies, personal habits etc need to be done, and physical exam, diagnostic tests like to be done like FBC, electrolyte, creatinine test etc are to be done.
Medical history taking has been great interest for the nurses, though it’s of interest, some were not able to answer why those things are done. These reasons might help nurses to be more autonomic professionally.
1. Previous Hospitalization: Previous hospitalization is asked with the patient to know about his/her previous disease condition and get the papers concerning about his/her previous treatment. This is even being asked to know about the present medication .
2. Previous surgery: previous surgery is being asked so that, the surgery won’t be performed on the same site of before and another thing would be avoid the complication of the surgery. Anxiety level is found to be increased in the inexperienced patient than experienced one, so to prepare him psychologically as well previous surgery is asked.
3. Blood transfusion: When blood is transfused in the body, some antigen are being transferred along with blood in the body as well so to know the condition of the those antigen, blood transfusion history is taken. Some pact RBC transfusion has effect on the body system as well, so blood transfusion history is considered as well.
4. Medication: Medication would implicate, which medication he has been in the past. The choice of generic of the medicine depend on the past usage of the medicine. The dosage and amount does differ according to the medication used before.
5. Other pathologies: Other pathologic condition refers to the other disease like diabetic, heart problem, lungs problem and some other stuffs. Those condition do have a great impact on the choice of the surgery and the analgesic to be given to them.
6. Abortion: If woman has done the abortion before she would be psychologically effected and due to that she would feel guilt and shame and it brings depression and anxiety level in the woman. The depression level would decrease the immune system and would effect the wound healing process. Regurgitation or swallowing of the one’s vomit has been found more in those kind of ladies than in other people. So abortion history is taken as well, during medical history taking process of the preoperative procedure.
7. Family history: Hereditary conditions are to be known before any kind of surgery or procedures are done. IT will tell the people being susceptible for infection and other susceptible for other diseases.
8. Psychological problems: Mental problem has greater effect on the surgery. Person being done surgery may not reply or cooperative nicely with the physician and it would have problem on surgical procedure.

Phagu purnima-a day of colors

Phagu purnima, a day of colors or the day devoted for the colors. Lots different colors are played during this day. Actually it’s a day for colors but when I was child it does have different meaning for me. For me, this phagu purnima is the day where I get permit to hit the balloons filled with water to anybody of my wish, especially to the young ladies of my age or to beautiful ladies. We enjoy hitting the balloons among us friends as well. And in addition, I would remember this day as the day when I can get opportunity to get wild with water, balloons, colors, and freedom from all the stuffs, i.e. study, household work and other responsibilities.
This Phagu purnima lies in the mid of February to the early of the March. This day lies in the purnima of the phaguan months. Sometimes this day goes behind the phaguan month as well, but this is a day of purnima (a full moon day). This phagu purnima is allegedly named after the Hindu mythical demonness Holika, a sister of Hiranyakasyapu. Phagu is another name of holi. This was the day when Holika was burned in the fire, when she attempted to burn the Prahlad in her lap.
From another mystical view, it is believed that holi is also considered as the festive of fire as well. It is believed that Putna the demonness was sent to kill Krishna by feeding her poisonous milk, but Krishna sucked the milk and along with milk sucked the blood of Putna as well and she was killed by Krishna during his childhood. Then body of Putna was burnt in the day of holi and after that day onward holi is celebrated.
No matter what the mystical thing says; holi has its own importance. It’s the day when color is played all over the country of Nepal as well as India. It’s a day to indicate the colorful days after the long winter. It’s celebrated with spraying water to each other since people will stop feeling cold, as winter waves a goodbye hand. So it’s a good indication of ending of winter season in the Nepal.

More Weight??? No problem

Thought I am not fat, I do understand how does a fat person feels about their weight, as I have seen lots of depressed face of my friends, who are obese. They used to tell me that they have been to lots of diet programs and lots of exercises but still they cannot get rid of their weight. I know the fact that it is really hard to loose weight. I don’t know whether they have been through technologies available or not but I would surely refer those friends about lapband Woodlands, where their problems will be solved with ease. It is all about the laparoscopic surgery, which means surgeries which takes very less time for recovery, does not have long-term effect on the health, and are very effective. Laparoscopic surgery means surgery performed with minimum invasive technique, in which only few holes are made and surgery is performed. Person gone through laparoscopic surgery can get out of hospital within 3 days. Lap-band surgery is the permanent treatment for weight loss. Dr. Richard Collier has been performing laparoscopic surgery for over seventeen years and has done lots of procedures including laparoscopic gall-bladder removal, and hernia repair and laparoscopic colon surgery. So he is very expert in his faculty. In addition, he also performs advanced laparoscopic procedures such as the laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication of reflux disease. He is a fully trained bariatric surgeon and has been performing the Lap-Band procedures for weight loss since 2004. This surgery is ten times safer than Gastric Binding and has lowest operative complication rate. It has low nutritional risk and no stomach stapling or intestinal re-routine. Lap-band is approved by FDA in June 2001. It is the newest and completely reversible surgical treatment for morbid obesity. it reduces the capacity of stomach, which restrict in amount of food intake and results in weight loss. More than 200,000 Lap-Band system procedures have been performed around the world after it’s clinical introduction in 2003. It is good for adults above 18. So it would be better options for the people who worries about their high weight.

Cyprus work permit

I have been getting the calls from friends of Nepal to know the work permit status of the republic of Cyprus. I have been answering them about the current situation of students in the Cyprus, but I just felt that I should to inform all the students who wish to come to Cyprus for study. Students who come in Cyprus wishes to have work permit of 20 hours a week as other European countries.
Cyprus tried to enter to the EU in 2002, but due to problem with Turkish Cyprus they were not able to become member of the EU. In 2004, with the effort of Kofi Annan, they were able to come to some negotiation and the republic of Cyprus became the full member of EU in April 1 2004. They were then given the time to follow up the rules and regulation of EU by 4 years, which would include the work permit to foreign students as well. They were providing the work permit to the hotel management students in the summer time as the one the job training. They are getting the payment of 2 Cypriot pound per hour as their wages. They are allowed to work for 4 months as on the job training. To the other faculty student it is strictly prohibited to work, and they even have to sign the contract that they will not work in Cyprus when they apply for Pink slip (a permit to stay in Cyprus).
Since students are protesting against government for allowance of the work permit to student, government was trying to solve this problem from long. Then lots of rumors were heard about providing of work permit to the students. Some colleges even provided the paper of work permit to student during 2006, but later on they were proved as fake. Lots of college representative who visit to other countries to gather the students used to say that, students will be given the work permit within the 6 months of entrance of Cyprus and will be paid minimum of 3 pounds per hour (equivalent to $6.5). After that period also lots of rumors were heard in Cyprus about the work permit. The agencies continued to fool the student about the work permit and send them over Cyprus to get the commission from the colleges.
During the Christmas of 2007, Cyprus government published news that they have issued the work permit to the student in the news. They stated that students will be given the 20 hours of work permit in normal days and will be given work permit of 35 hours in the summer and holidays time. They even stated that this is a great Christmas gift to the foreign students. Even had a rule that if the student is found working before 6 moths of time of entrance to Cyprus they will be penalized and deported. So foreign students felt bit or relief from this news but when then went and ask for work permit to colleges they said that it will be given after January only. Students waited for January and now colleges are saying that it’s not certain when they will get work permit in Cyprus.
So as before, though the Cypriot government has printed in the paper and said in news, this work permit in the Cyprus is still a hot rumor going around. Well this rumor has helped the agencies to gather more commission from students.
So the fact is work permit to the students has not been issued to the foreign students and minimum wages for students are not fixed yet. It is not even fixed, when work permit will be given to the students. They have been changing their currencies to Euro but work permit has not been issued. Due to the EURO everything in the Cyprus is getting expensive and some people are getting great chances to cheat well.

Disclosure Policy

My Disclosure Policy

This policy is valid from 29 January 2008

This blog is a personal blog written and edited by me. This blog accepts forms of cash advertising, sponsorship, paid insertions or other forms of compensation.

The compensation received may influence the advertising content, topics or posts made in this blog. That content, advertising space or post may not always be identified as paid or sponsored content.

The owner(s) of this blog is compensated to provide opinion on products, services, websites and various other topics. Even though the owner(s) of this blog receives compensation for our posts or advertisements, we always give our honest opinions, findings, beliefs, or experiences on those topics or products. The views and opinions expressed on this blog are purely the bloggers' own. Any product claim, statistic, quote or other representation about a product or service should be verified with the manufacturer, provider or party in question.

This blog does not contain any content which might present a conflict of interest.

How about cool eyeglass?

Winter is on the way to say goodbye and summer is about to say hello. Summer simply would remind about the hot weather and hard time for body and eye. Summer is opportunity to show up your personality as well. How about cool eyeglass? Zenni Optical: Sell Rx Glasses $8 with case! would be the best options for your lovely eyes and would simply boost up your personality. Zenni Optical is best one for personality enhancer, protector of eye, and affordable for everyone. They sell, single vision lens, sunsensor (photochromic) lens, tinted sunglass lens, bifocal lens, and progressive lens, which would be protector of our eyes. Not only that much, huge selection of frames are additional options for best choice of eyes.


In addition to great offers, they are selling these things at cheap price as well. Selling only their manufactured frames directly to customer, with no midman and virtually no advertising budget is secret behind cheap prices. These great offers are on your computer screen, just need to check them up.

Mental health Illness

Mental health Illness is something that has been always taken as confusion and it has also been proved that it cannot be defined as well. According to WHO there is no exact definition of the mental health illness. Well what the matter is, there is no clear cut line, which separates people from being mentally ill and not. Stress, anger, anxiety, depression are occurred due to imbalanced mental condition and they are considered as a mental illness as well. These conditions are very occasional in the normal people's life as well. Another aspect is, if people perform some activities which harm the other one then it will be considered as the mentally ill. In this point also, if army kills somebody then it's considered as good and rewarded. But if same army kills somebody besides his duty, it's considered mentally ill activities and illegal. So there is no clear mark to differential mental illness. Anyway for definition, they define mental illness as being further away from normal daily activities and performing activities which will considered non-social and harms the other people.

Pick Out Present for Valentine's Wishlist

Valentine is knocking the door and hope you are thinking of welcoming it with some great gifts. Well if you are lacking time and have to collect great gift to make your valentine the best one, coupon codes will be best which is at just away from click of your mouse.

Coupenchief.com is owned by Coupon Chief, Inc. They would be providing you a one stop coupon deal and discount resources and will be providing up to date coupon codes and promotional deals and discounts. They are constantly adding new coupon codes, promotional codes, and offers so to provide you with best and latest options. They have lots of merchant sections that can be browsed and lots of categories for almost everybody, no matter who your valentine is your baby, wife/husband or your son/daughter, or even your father/mother. They have gift suitable for babies to everybody that could be your valentine. For Flowers and gifts also they have good websites and For your Women also you can find best gift over here. You don’t have to spend lots of time going here and there; they are just a click away from your mouse. This site is well managed and nicely decorated as well and you can almost find a perfect gift for your valentine.

Community

Community in the lay laguage can be understood as the place where lots of people live together. But this same community can be defined in many terms as the community of the professional peopole, community of people living in certain area, community of people of same age group, commnity of peoople with same social structure, i.e. same social class, same age group etc. It is even defined according to same sentiment as people live in community who has same thinking about community, community of professional ie. teacher, professor, nurses, doctors, managers etc. So definition of community not only means the groups of people living together but rather depened on types of people with status, class, demographic location, sentiment, social activits, profession etc.


There are othe certain factors which contribute in the group identification of the community such as :
1. Socio economic background.
2. Education
3. Language
4. Locality
5. History
6. Ethnicity
7. Religion
8. Culture
9. Law (rules and regulation)
10. Occupation
11. Race.

Maghe Sankranti

With the beginning of the month of the Magh of the Nepali calendar; in the mid of the January is the celebration day of the Maghe Sankrati of the Nepali people. This Maghe Sankrati is celebrated in the 1st of the Magh of Nepali calendar. I being the newar of the Kathmandu valley love to celebrate this day as this day brings up with lots of chaku (molasses), ghee, ladoo (seasame seeds ball cakes), shakhar Khanda (sweet potato) and lots of other edible foods. Not only this much, in this day we will be celebrating by visiting all the relatives (especially relatives from the mothers side) and getting the blessing and food from them. In this day, the mother’s brother will be waiting for their nephews, to give them food and blessing. They will not even drink or eat until they give something to the nephews. According to Newari culture, this day is celebrated this way. Since right now I am in the foreign country, I do really miss this day. In these days, I will be enjoying my whole day in my grandmother’s house with other cousins.
In other cast of Nepal they celebrate this day very differently. They would eat the food chaku (molasses), ladoo (seasame seeds ball cakes), shakhar Khanda (sweet potato), khichari (mixture of rice and lentils), ghee, green leaf spinach etc are eaten in this day. These foods are nutritionally high valued and gives lots of energy and heat to the body. Since Magh 1st is considered to be most cold day, these things are eaten up to make people warm.
Mid of December, the Poush month according to the Nepali calendar is considered to be ill-omened month, so in this month all religious celebration are forbidden. It is even believed that newly married couples are even separated in this month, according to belief of ill-omen. By the beginning of the Magh 1st, people will be enjoying the religious celebration and newly couples were united. This day is considered to be great holy day for taking the bath in the union of sacred river and streams though the weather is cold.
Like other holy celebration Maghe Sankrati does have its own legend as well. Once the business from Bhadgoun (one of the city of Nepal) was selling the seasame seeds, despite selling a lot of seasame seeds, his supply of seasame seeds did not diminish. When he looks in the matter, he found the idol of the Lord Vishnu hidden deep beneath the seeds. Since, after this day the god Til Madhav idol is worshipped with believing god will give food and wealth to people. According to the Hindu religion, this day is considered to be day when the doors to the heaven will open. Bhisma Pitamaha (elderly grandfather of pandav and kaurav) wished to die, as the way to the region of gods opened.
Well no matter what legend there are in culture, but one thing is true that this day is good to be celebrated scientifically. Since January and February is considered to be cold days, the food eaten in this days are very nutritious and heat provider, which is good for cold seasons.

Earn money through blog with Payperpost

My friend Amrit is the one, who encouraged me about the blogging. I have been blogging for a long but I am not aware of any opportunities by blogging. I came to know about PPP from my friend. I was posting my blogs in the Blogspot and fulfilling my desires of writing blogs. But one day, Amrit Man Dangol told me about PPP and inform me that I can earn money through those post, so I got interested on it. He told me that I need to have at least 20 articles and those articles should be of at least 90 days old. Since I have been posting articles for some time but it was not 90 days old and did not have 20 articles, so I waited some day.

For the first time, when I submitted My URL I was rejected, as PPP has some rules to be followed and I failed to follow them. I think same problem can be faced by you people who are interested in blogging with word of mouth ethics PPP. Later on I got a help from Scott ( the staff from the payperpost ) and I got my blog approved for marketing next time.

Right now i am very happy with PPP and I am being able to look after my studies a bit, since i am in the foreign country I have to have some part time side jobs. Right now I am using it as my part time job, but later on I am thinking of use it as full time job and try to support my life in this foreign country.

Dear friend, you have been asking for the ways for getting along with PPP and blog, so I would like to write down the correct way so that you don't have to get rejected later on.
1.Blogs should be in English language.
2. You are to have a decent blog, which means you cannot copy material from any other sources and put it as yours.then disclosure your relationsip by a disclosure policy with Payperpost
3. One should be above the age of 18.
4. Blog should be at least 90 days old and you should have at least 20 post in your blog.
5. Get in with PPP as a blogger and submit blog url for approval.
6. No blogs with gaps over 30 days (no entries posted for 30+ days) will be accepted
7. PPP reserves the right to deny any post and cancel any account at any time at our sole discretion.

Well friends this is the way I have followed to get my blogs approved for marketing and is working with PPP, so i hope you would also get along with PPP like this. All best wishes of mine with you my friends. Once again I would like to thank PPP for such a opportunity.

Research in nursing

Dear all nurses, I hope all of you know the importance of the research and I hope some of you are taking part in research and some of you are doing the research as well. But sometimes we might think that what the real benefit about this research matter, well I came to know about the some good benefits about the nursing research which I will be more than happy to be share with all you people. Nursing research is the base for growth and development in the nursing faculty. Except that also nursing research is used for some other factors as well which I will be point it out:
1. Practitioners of all professions need a base of knowledge and research provides the knowledge and verifies and tests the knowledge.
2. Research is used to develop, refine and extend the scientific bases of knowledge fundamental to the practice of nursing

3. This expansion of knowledge is essential for the continued growth of the nursing profession which can be governed by research only.
4. Research provides nurses equipped with documented information and has a proof for all the actions being taken.
5. Nursing research also is helping to define the parameters of nursing. Nursing is only one of the several professions involved in the delivery of health care which currently is rather vaguely defined.
6. Research is the base for the lowering the cost of the health care service.
7. Nurses are increasingly focusing their research endeavors on the effectiveness of nursing interventions and activities foe various groups of clients.
8. Research findings help to eliminate nursing actions that have no effect on the achievement of desired client outcomes
9. Research finding help nurses to identify the nursing care practice than make a difference in the health care status of clients and tare cost effective.
10. Nursing research is essential if nurses are to understand the varied dimensions of their profession
11. Research enables nurses to:
i. Describe the characteristics of a particular nursing situation about which little is known
ii. Explain phenomena that must be considered in planning nursing care
iii. Predict the probable outcomes of certain nursing decisions made in relation to client care
iv. Control the occurrence of undesired client outcomes

So I can hope, all nurses will be cleared enough to know the value of need of research and can hope that the nurses that are not engaged in nursing would get engaged in research.

Environmental health, important aspect for nurses

Far before i used to think that enviromental condition has nothing to do with the nursing care, as nursing care is done inside the hospital where everything is sterilized and every stuffs would be clean and tidy. People become sick from the outside and came to hospital, in clean environment to get cured and they get cured and get back to their home. That's what my layman thinking about nursing care. But as i get along with nursing, i came to know that enviromental health is the one which plays a great role in the nursing care. Well nursing care does not only depend on the warm environment, but does depend on the the outer environment as well. The desease from the out environment is the one, which complicates the nursing care and which makes the nursing care more complex, not only that much it is the one which plays role in the discovery of the new diseases and new problems.
Nurses not only care the patient who comes in the hospital, the caring field of the nursing is vast. Public health care nurses has to go to field in the outer enviornment to care of the patient. They have to take care of the patient out of the hospital, so this sense also makes that environmental health is necessary in the nursing care.
Air pollution, noise pollution, land pollution, water pollution etc are simply known as the environmental pollution. Air pollution bring the disease, all over and noise pollution would make the problem with hearing. Not only that, noise pollution would create the problem in the interaction between each other and could complicate the nursing procedure. Land pollution is directly concerned with the people health, as the land pollution would decrease the protein, vitamin in the plants that we eat and increased lots of disease through the garbages. Water pollution, no need to be explained as the major cause for most of the diseases.

Environmental health is very important for the nursing care and nurses should teach the patient, their family and the students about the importance of environmental health and should advocate for safe and clean environment.

My new year changes

Well at last, i have to say bye bye to year 2007, when i look backward i found that it was cool enough for me. But i also found that i need to bring lots of changes this year so that i can meet up with the demand of this new year 2008. As i believe that nowadays, time is being too much demanding, in sense of money, in sense of effort, sincere, and in sense of discipline. If we can't meet up those demand of time then we will be left behind and it will take lots of time to be covered up.
Well in 2007, i have found that those things are missed up in myself. I have tried to fulfill all those things but some were completely missing and some were in half way missed and some are about a bit missed. Now this year is demanding more from me to prove myself to be the best for my future.
Well i think, this time is not only demanding some changes in me, but i hope to all the person who is not satisfied with themself, the time is demanding some changes. New year month is the time to check for what the time is seeking on us and bring some changes. I am sure to bring some changes in myself and so do i belive that you people are also thinking of bring some changes. So lets welcome the good changes in this new year 2008.
After all though it's belated, happy new year 2008 and may this will give you enough effort to make some good changes in everybody.