Breast cancer and BSE

A cancer that occurs in the cell of the breast is known as breast cancer. This cancer can occur in the woman after their age of menopause. Breast cancer is the one of the most occurring cancer in the woman. It is the most common cancer after lung cancer (both sexes included). It is the fifth most common cancer which cause death in woman, 502,000 deaths has been reported worldwide in 2005.

Breast cancer being a major death cause among the woman is very hard to be controlled as the risk factors for the breast cancer as uncontrollable such as age, gender, genetic factor, family history, reproductive and menstrual history, race, breast density etc. Though breast cancer cannot be controlled but woman can reduce death rate if they were able to find out the breast cancer at the early stage. There are different ways to find out about the breast cancer in the early stage, such as mammogram, clinical breast exam, and Breast self-exam. Mammogram and clinical breast exam needs to be performed in the clinic so they need extra money and extra time, but the breast self-exam is the one that could be done by woman to prevent themselves from the danger of breast cancer. If woman are able to do their breast self exam after the 5-6 days of their menstrual period they can detect the condition of the breast and save themselves from metastasis cancer.

Since BSE (Breast self-exam) is the preventative and early detective of the breast cancer and does not require the money and lots of time, it is advisable to do the self-breast exam. The recent ways to do breast exam would include:
1. Ladies have to lie down, so to make spread the breast tissue evenly over the chest wall and is an thin as possible, making much easier to feel all the breast tissue, and place their right arm behind their head
2. Use the finger pads of the 3 middle fingers on their left hand to feel for lumps in the right breast. Use overlapping dime-sized circular motions of the finger pads to feel the breast tissue.
3. Use 3 different levels of pressure to feel all the breast tissue. Light pressure is needed to feel the tissue closest to the skin; medium pressure to feel a little deeper; and firm pressure to feel the tissue closest to the chest and ribs. A firm ridge in the lower curve of each breast is normal. If you're not sure how hard to press, talk with your doctor or nurse. Use each pressure to feel the breast tissue before moving on to the next spot.
4. Move around the breast in an up and down pattern starting at an imaginary line drawn straight down your side from the underarm and moving across the breast to the middle of the chest bone (sternum or breastbone). Be sure to check the entire breast area going down until you feel only ribs and up to the neck or collar bone (clavicle).
5. There is some evidence to suggest that the up-and-down pattern (sometimes called the vertical pattern) is the most effective pattern for covering the entire breast, without missing any breast tissue.
6. Repeat the exam on your left breast, using the finger pads of the right hand.
7. While standing in front of a mirror with your hands pressing firmly down on your hips, look at your breasts for any changes of size, shape, contour, or dimpling, or redness or scaliness of the nipple or breast skin. (The pressing down on the hips position contracts the chest wall muscles and enhances any breast changes.)
8. Examine each underarm while sitting up or standing and with your arm only slightly raised so you can easily feel in this area. Raising your arm straight up tightens the tissue in this area and makes it harder to examine.
This procedure of doing self breast exam is peculiar than the one which is done standing as it will give better results than the standing one. The another thing that ladies have to make sure is that they have to do their breast self exam after 5-6 days of menstrual period as during the other period of time the estrogen hormone and other hormone would led them have false results.

So for woman, it is advisable to do the BSE and find out the problem before they turns up to be the bad one and save themselves from the death or lumpectomy or breast removal.

Fibroids, an information

Hysterectomy is nowadays being a common operation that most of the ladies are having nowadays. It is considered second most common operation that ladies of the United States are performing; about 600,000 surgeries are done in a year only in United States. Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus (womb) where child is developed. It’s in the lower abdominal part of the woman. Among with the uterus sometimes fallopian tube, and ovaries are also removed which is known as total hysterectomy. Fibroids, endometriosis, uterine prolapse, cancer, persistent vaginal bleeding, chronic pelvic pain are the causes leading to hysterectomy. Among them fibroids is the most common one.

Fibroids are tumors, made up of muscle cells and other tissue, which grows in the wall of the uterus. They are almost always benign in type. Uterine leiomyomata is the medical term for uterine fibroids. Fibroid growth can take place either in singer or in clusters. Fibroids of apple sized to size of grapefruit can be found.

Uterine fibroids does not have any clear symptoms but some woman complain of pain and heavy menstrual bleeding. They can put pressure on the bladder and cause urine incontinence (frequent urination). In some cases, pain during sex, lower back pain, and frequent miscarriage and infertility are reported as symptoms of fibroids. Clear cause of fibroids are also not being known yet, researcher stated that many factors are responsible for the causing of fibroids such as hormonal, genetic, environmental etc.

Though fibroids are benign cancer they don’t change into the cancerious cells but still fibroids may lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, pain during sex, lower back pain, miscarriage etc. Due to frequent bleeding, fibroids may lead to anemia. In rare cases, fibroids tumor can grow out of uterus on a stalk-like projection. If the fibroids twist on the stalk, woman would have severe, sudden and sharp pain in lower abdomen.

Since fibroids can lead to anemia and severe pain, it is better cured. Since there is no preventive measure for the fibroids, it should be cured. Lots of alternatives are available for the cure of fibroids, such as medications, i.e., gonadotrophin releasing agnonist (lupron, Synarel), hysterectomy, myomectomy (removal of fibroids leaving uterus in it’s place), uterine artery embolization etc.

Sucess-steps to achieve it

Success is the desired passion for everybody. Everybody craves for success and tries to achieve it anyhow but it is hardly achieved. I have been going though book named ‘unlimited power’ and seem to find the remedy for getting success. The book highlighted some stuff, which is of great interest to me and hope will be useful for my readers as well. I will try to illustrate what I came to know from that book. The book illustrates mainly 7 points of success. It states that if we are clear with those seven steps, we might get success.
The first point is the PASSION; we should have passion for getting success. If there is not passion, then we cannot get anything. So passion is the beginning step towards the achievement and success. The passion is followed by the BELIEF, a belief about your target, a belief that you can get it. There is a statement that say, whether you believe you can do it or you cannot do it, you are right. This statement means that, if we have belief that we can do something or achieve something then we will set up our mind according to it and we will achieve it and vice versa. So belief is the factor which plays a great role in achieving our target. Passion and belief are the fuel for going ahead towards the success, but it is directed by STRATEGY, the third point of achieving success. If rocket is propelled with fuel without direction it will surely lunch at the heaven, so to save it, it needs a direction so it will go to its target. Strategy of, how to get it, what to do, when to do, whom to contact, will guide us towards the target. Well these three points seem to fulfill the need for success, but there are other factors which should be considered if we want to achieve success. Another point is CLEARANCE OF VALUE, which mean being clear of why to achieve that success, is it good for doing it. If our value contrast with the strategy then our success will be useless. If we have to follow our strategy against our values, then success, if achieved also will be useless. So value should be cleared as well. All these four points mentioned before are dependent on each other. If we don’t have belief that we can achieve something then passion of having something will be useless. If we don’t have strategy then our belief and passion will be out of order and helpless, and if value is not cleared then everything will be useless. The fifth point needed would be ENERGY, the energy to go with our strategy. The energy does not include being physically fit, it summons up of finance as well. The most thing needed is having energy to take action towards what has been planned. This is the most necessity energy to be borne to get success. If we have physical fitness, and money with it, it is the advantage to us. The sixth point is BONDING POWER, which imparts being able to be bonded with all the people. Success cannot be achieved with only one person and if achieved also will be of no value. So we should be able to be bonded with other people as well. Final point would be MASTER COMMUNICATION . Master communication would imply both external and internal communication. External communication imparts to communicating with other people, use of voice, tonality, appropriate language, understanding of other people etc. Internal communication means communicating with self, motivating oneself, supporting oneself with positive thinking etc. If we tend to follow up those factors then we can achieve success very nicely and our success will be meaning for us and people around us as well.

Preoperative and assessment

Preoperative care, meaning the care performed before the operation or for the preparation for the operation. During the preoperative care, there are lots of things to be considered and those things impact a lot in the operation and patient’s future life. Lots of history taking including medical, diet, allergies, personal habits etc need to be done, and physical exam, diagnostic tests like to be done like FBC, electrolyte, creatinine test etc are to be done.
Medical history taking has been great interest for the nurses, though it’s of interest, some were not able to answer why those things are done. These reasons might help nurses to be more autonomic professionally.
1. Previous Hospitalization: Previous hospitalization is asked with the patient to know about his/her previous disease condition and get the papers concerning about his/her previous treatment. This is even being asked to know about the present medication .
2. Previous surgery: previous surgery is being asked so that, the surgery won’t be performed on the same site of before and another thing would be avoid the complication of the surgery. Anxiety level is found to be increased in the inexperienced patient than experienced one, so to prepare him psychologically as well previous surgery is asked.
3. Blood transfusion: When blood is transfused in the body, some antigen are being transferred along with blood in the body as well so to know the condition of the those antigen, blood transfusion history is taken. Some pact RBC transfusion has effect on the body system as well, so blood transfusion history is considered as well.
4. Medication: Medication would implicate, which medication he has been in the past. The choice of generic of the medicine depend on the past usage of the medicine. The dosage and amount does differ according to the medication used before.
5. Other pathologies: Other pathologic condition refers to the other disease like diabetic, heart problem, lungs problem and some other stuffs. Those condition do have a great impact on the choice of the surgery and the analgesic to be given to them.
6. Abortion: If woman has done the abortion before she would be psychologically effected and due to that she would feel guilt and shame and it brings depression and anxiety level in the woman. The depression level would decrease the immune system and would effect the wound healing process. Regurgitation or swallowing of the one’s vomit has been found more in those kind of ladies than in other people. So abortion history is taken as well, during medical history taking process of the preoperative procedure.
7. Family history: Hereditary conditions are to be known before any kind of surgery or procedures are done. IT will tell the people being susceptible for infection and other susceptible for other diseases.
8. Psychological problems: Mental problem has greater effect on the surgery. Person being done surgery may not reply or cooperative nicely with the physician and it would have problem on surgical procedure.