Preoperative and assessment

Preoperative care, meaning the care performed before the operation or for the preparation for the operation. During the preoperative care, there are lots of things to be considered and those things impact a lot in the operation and patient’s future life. Lots of history taking including medical, diet, allergies, personal habits etc need to be done, and physical exam, diagnostic tests like to be done like FBC, electrolyte, creatinine test etc are to be done.
Medical history taking has been great interest for the nurses, though it’s of interest, some were not able to answer why those things are done. These reasons might help nurses to be more autonomic professionally.
1. Previous Hospitalization: Previous hospitalization is asked with the patient to know about his/her previous disease condition and get the papers concerning about his/her previous treatment. This is even being asked to know about the present medication .
2. Previous surgery: previous surgery is being asked so that, the surgery won’t be performed on the same site of before and another thing would be avoid the complication of the surgery. Anxiety level is found to be increased in the inexperienced patient than experienced one, so to prepare him psychologically as well previous surgery is asked.
3. Blood transfusion: When blood is transfused in the body, some antigen are being transferred along with blood in the body as well so to know the condition of the those antigen, blood transfusion history is taken. Some pact RBC transfusion has effect on the body system as well, so blood transfusion history is considered as well.
4. Medication: Medication would implicate, which medication he has been in the past. The choice of generic of the medicine depend on the past usage of the medicine. The dosage and amount does differ according to the medication used before.
5. Other pathologies: Other pathologic condition refers to the other disease like diabetic, heart problem, lungs problem and some other stuffs. Those condition do have a great impact on the choice of the surgery and the analgesic to be given to them.
6. Abortion: If woman has done the abortion before she would be psychologically effected and due to that she would feel guilt and shame and it brings depression and anxiety level in the woman. The depression level would decrease the immune system and would effect the wound healing process. Regurgitation or swallowing of the one’s vomit has been found more in those kind of ladies than in other people. So abortion history is taken as well, during medical history taking process of the preoperative procedure.
7. Family history: Hereditary conditions are to be known before any kind of surgery or procedures are done. IT will tell the people being susceptible for infection and other susceptible for other diseases.
8. Psychological problems: Mental problem has greater effect on the surgery. Person being done surgery may not reply or cooperative nicely with the physician and it would have problem on surgical procedure.